| Chapter 2: Asthma in children |
| Figure 2.1 |
Prevalence of current asthma, by age, sex and Indigenous status, 2004–05 |
| Figure 2.2 |
Prevalence of current asthma, by age and Indigenous status, children aged 0–17 years, 2004–05 |
| Figure 2.3 |
Prevalence of current asthma among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, by age and remoteness, 2004–05 |
| Figure 2.4 |
Hospital separations for asthma per 100,000 population, by age and Indigenous status, 2006–07 |
| Figure 2.5 |
Hospital separations for asthma per 100,000 population, by Indigenous status, children aged 0–18 years, 2006–07 |
| Figure 2.6 |
Hospital separations for asthma per 100,000 population among Indigenous Australians, by broad age group and state and territory, 2006–07 |
| Figure 2.7 |
Prevalence of current smoking by Indigenous status and asthma status, persons aged 18 years and over, 2004–05 |
| Figure 2.8 |
Self-assessed health status in people aged 15 years and over, by Indigenous and asthma status, 2004–05 |
| Chapter 3: Prevalence |
| Figure 3.1 |
Prevalence of current asthma, adults, 1990–2007 |
| Figure 3.2 |
Prevalence of current asthma, children aged 15 years and under, 1982–2007 |
| Figure 3.3 |
Prevalence of ever having been diagnosed with asthma, by age and sex, 2004–05 |
| Figure 3.4 |
Prevalence of current asthma, by age and sex, 2004–05 |
| Figure 3.5 |
Prevalence of current asthma in children, by age and sex, 2004–05 |
| Figure 3.6 |
Prevalence of current asthma, by state and territory, all ages, 2004–05 |
| Figure 3.7 |
Prevalence of current asthma, by age and remoteness, 2004–05 |
| Figure 3.8 |
Prevalence of current asthma, by age and country of birth, 2004–05 |
| Figure 3.9 |
Prevalence of current asthma by country of birth and year of arrival in Australia, 2004–05 |
| Figure 3.10 |
Prevalence of current asthma by socioeconomic status, 2004–05 |
| Figure 3.11 |
Distribution of severity of asthma among adults attending general practitioners, 1999 to 2006 |
| Figure 3.12 |
Distribution of severity of asthma among children attending general practitioners, 1999 to 2006 |
| Chapter 4: Mortality |
| Figure 4.1 |
Deaths due to asthma per 100,000 population, 3-year moving average, by sex, all ages and people aged 5–34 years, 1979–2006 |
| Figure 4.2 |
Deaths due to all obstructive lung disease per 100,000 among persons aged 65 years and over, by sex, 1997–2006 |
| Figure 4.3 |
World ranking of asthma mortality per 100,000 population, people aged 5–34 years, 2000–2004 |
| Figure 4.4 |
Deaths due to asthma per 100,000 population, by age and sex, 2002–2006 |
| Figure 4.5 |
Age distribution for asthma and all cause mortality, 2002–2006 |
| Figure 4.6 |
Deaths due to asthma per 100,000 population, by state and territory, 2002–2006 |
| Figure 4.7 |
Deaths due to asthma per 100,000 population, by remoteness, people aged 5 years and over, 2002–2006 |
| Figure 4.8 |
Deaths due to asthma per 100,000 population, by country of birth, people aged 5 years and over, 2002–2006 |
| Figure 4.9 |
Deaths due to asthma per 100,000 people with asthma, by country of birth, people aged 5 years and over, 2002–2006 |
| Figure 4.10 |
Deaths due to asthma per 100,000 population, by age and socioeconomic status, people aged 5 years and over, 2002–2006 |
| Figure 4.11 |
Seasonal variation in the rate of deaths due to asthma, by broad age group, 2002–2006 |
| Chapter 5: Use of health services |
| General practice encounters for asthma |
| Figure 5.1 |
General practice encounters for asthma per 100 population, adults and children, April 1998 to March 2008 |
| Figure 5.2 |
Proportion of general practice encounters for asthma, adults and children, April 1998 to March 2008 |
| Figure 5.3 |
General practice encounters for asthma per 100 population, by age and sex, April 2004 to March 2007 |
| Figure 5.4 |
Proportion of general practice encounters for asthma, by age and sex, April 2004 to March 2007 |
| Figure 5.5 |
General practice encounters for asthma per 100 population, by state and territory, April 2004 to March 2007 |
| Figure 5.6 |
Proportion of general practice encounters for asthma, by socioeconomic status, April 2004 to March 2007 |
| Figure 5.7 |
Number of claims for completed Practice Incentives Program Asthma 3+ Visit Plan /Asthma Cycle of Care, all ages, November 2001 to July 2008 |
| Figure 5.8 |
PIP Asthma Cycle of Care claims per 100,000 population, by age and sex, 2007 |
| Figure 5.9 |
PIP Asthma Cycle of Care claims per 1,000 people with asthma, 2007 |
| Figure 5.10 |
PIP Asthma Cycle of Care claims per 100,000 population, by state and territory, 2007 |
| Figure 5.11 |
PIP Asthma Cycle of Care claims per 100,000 population, by remoteness, 2007 |
| Figure 5.12 |
PIP Asthma Cycle of Care claims per 100,000 population, by socioeconomic status, 2007 |
| Figure 5.13 |
Medications prescribed for the treatment of asthma in general practice, by class of medication and prescription status, children aged 0–14 years, April 2004 to March 2007 |
| Figure 5.14 |
Medications prescribed for the treatment of asthma in general practice, by class of medication and prescription status, people aged 15 years and over, April 2004 to March 2007 |
| Figure 5.15 |
Procedures, other treatments and counselling for asthma in general practice, April 2004 to March 2007 |
| Figure 5.16 |
Referrals provided during asthma-related general practice encounters, April 2004 to March 2007 |
| Hospitalisations and emergency department visits |
| Figure 5.17 |
Emergency department visits for asthma per 100,000 population, by age and month, New South Wales, January 1999 to December 2007 |
| Figure 5.18 |
Hospital separations for asthma per 100,000 population, by broad age group, 1993–94 to 2006–07 |
| Figure 5.19 |
Average length of stay for asthma, by broad age group, 1998–99 to 2006–07 |
| Figure 5.20 |
Seasonal variation in hospital separation rates for asthma, by age, children and adults, 2004 |
| Figure 5.21 |
Hospital separations for asthma per 100,000 population, by age and sex, 2006–07 |
| Figure 5.22 |
Hospital separations for asthma per 100,000 population by 1-year age group and sex, ages 5–18 years, 2006–07 |
| Figure 5.23 |
Age distribution for hospital separations for asthma and all causes, 2006–07 |
| Figure 5.24 |
Relative frequency of length of stay for asthma, by broad age group, 2006–07 |
| Figure 5.25 |
Hospital separations for asthma per 100,000 population among children and adults, by state and territory, 2006–07 |
| Figure 5.26 |
Hospital separations for asthma per 100,000 population, by age and remoteness, 2006–07 |
| Figure 5.27 |
Average length of stay for asthma, by age and remoteness, 2006–07 |
| Figure 5.28 |
Hospital separations for asthma per 100,000 population, by broad age group and country of birth, people aged 5 years and over, 2006–07 |
| Figure 5.29 |
Hospital separations for asthma per 100,000 population, by age and socioeconomic status, 2006–07 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation |
| Figure 5.30 |
Hospital separations for asthma with invasive mechanical ventilation per 100,000 population, by age group, 2000–01 to 2006–07 |
| Figure 5.31 |
Proportion of hospital separations for asthma with invasive mechanical ventilation, by age group, 2000–01 to 2006–07 |
| Figure 5.32 |
Rate of hospital separations for asthma with invasive mechanical ventilation, by age, 2002–03 to 2006–07 |
| Figure 5.33 |
Rate of hospital separations for asthma with invasive mechanical ventilation, by age and country of birth, 2002–03 to 2006–07 |
| Health–care expenditure due to asthma |
| Figure 5.34 |
Allocated expenditure for asthma and total recurrent health expenditure, by sector, 2004–05 |
| Figure 5.35 |
Per cent change in allocated health expenditure, total recurrent and asthma, by sector, 2000–01 to 2004–05 (2004–05 prices) |
| Chapter 6: Management |
| Written asthma action plans |
| Figure 6.1 |
Possession of asthma action plans by adults with current asthma, Australia, 1990–2007 |
| Figure 6.2 |
Possession of a written asthma action plan by people with asthma, by age and sex, 2004–05 |
| Figure 6.3 |
Possession of a written asthma action plan by people with current asthma, by state and territory, all ages, 2004–05 |
| Figure 6.4 |
Possession of a written asthma action plan by people with current asthma, by socioeconomic status, Australia, 2004–05 |
| Medications used to treat asthma |
| Figure 6.5 |
Respiratory medications (a)supplied by wholesalers and manufacturers and (b)reimbursed prescriptions, by defined daily dose (DDD) per 1,000 persons per day, 1995–2006 |
| Figure 6.6 |
Inhaled corticosteroids supplied by wholesalers separately or as part of combined therapy, by defined daily dose per 1,000 persons per day, 1996–2006 |
| Figure 6.7 |
Use of inhaled corticosteroids (alone or in combination with long-acting beta-agonists) in adults, by age, number of prescriptions and year, 2003–2006 |
| Figure 6.8 |
Use of inhaled corticosteroids (alone or in combination with long-acting beta-agonists) in children, by age, number of prescriptions and year, 2003–2006 |
| Figure 6.9 |
Relative potency of inhaled corticosteroids supplied by wholesalers separately or as part of combined therapy, by defined daily dose per 1,000 persons per day, 1996–2006 |
| Figure 6.10 |
Number of prescriptions for inhaled corticosteroids, by potency class, all persons, 2006 |
| Figure 6.11 |
Use of inhaled corticosteroids among adults, by potency class, age and number of prescriptions, 2006 |
| Figure 6.12 |
Use of inhaled corticosteroids among children, by potency class, age and number of prescriptions, 2006 |
| Figure 6.13 |
Delivery devices supplied by wholesalers for the administration of short-acting beta-agonist and anticholinergic medication, by defined daily dose per 1,000 persons per day, 1996–2006 |
| Figure 6.14 |
Use of long-acting beta-agonists among adults, by age group, number of prescriptions and year, 2003–2006 |
| Figure 6.15 |
Use of long-acting beta-agonists among children, by age group, number of prescriptions and year, 2003–2006 |
| Figure 6.16 |
Use of oral corticosteroids among adults with a government health concession card, by age group, number of prescriptions and year, 2003–2006 |
| Chapter 7: Smoking |
| People with asthma who smoke |
| Figure 7.1 |
Prevalence of current smoking among adults aged 18 years and over, by asthma status, age group and sex, 2004–05 |
| Figure 7.2 |
Prevalence of current smoking among adults aged 18 years and over, by asthma status and socioeconomic status, 2004–05 |
| Passive smoke exposure in children with asthma |
| Figure 7.3 |
Proportion of children aged 0–14 years residing with one or more cigarette smokers who usually smoke inside the house, by age group and current asthma status, 2004–05 |
| Figure 7.4 |
Proportion of children aged 0–14 years with one or more cigarette smokers in the household, by socioeconomic status and current asthma status, 2004–05 |
| Chapter 8: Quality of life and markers of asthma control |
| Figure 8.1 |
Self-assessed health status in people aged 15 years and over, by sex, current asthma status and age group, 2004–05 |
| Figure 8.2 |
Prevalence of low to very high psychological distress, by asthma status and sex, people aged 15 years and over, 2004–05 |
| Figure 8.3 |
Action taken in last 2 weeks for any reason, by asthma status, people aged
5 years and over, 2004–05 |
| Figure 8.4 |
Action taken in last 2 weeks for any reason, by asthma status and sex,
people aged 5 years and over, 2004–05 |
| Appendix 1 |
| Figure A1.1 |
Point estimates and 95% confidence intervals |